Course

Shoulder

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13 Lessons

The shoulder is one of the less common locations for injuries to football players. While shoulder problems represent less than 3% of all injuries, their impact on a player’s career can be very significant. As a result, these injuries are well known and widely publicised.

Common sporting injuries of the shoulder include dislocations and labral pathology, acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries, rotator cuff injuries, biceps injuries, and fractures. In very general terms, dislocations and ACJ injuries are more common in contact sports such as rugby and wrestling, while rotator cuff tears and biceps lesions are common in sports involving explosive heavy weight-lifting. Fractures around the shoulder are seen in sports involving crashes and falls from heights. All of these injuries can, however, occur in football.

Presented by

Moises Cohen

Benno Ejnisman

Learning outcomes

By the end of this topic you should:

  • understand the different types of shoulder injuries which commonly present in football players;
  • be able to distinguish between the various conditions based on history-taking and clinical examination;
  • be able to order and interpret the various diagnostic tests used to diagnose shoulder pathology;
  • be able to initiate a rehabilitation programme to treat football players with shoulder pain;
  • understand the indications for referral to specialist clinicians, including the role of surgery to treat common shoulder conditions;
  • have an awareness of injury prevention programmes relating to the shoulder (and the upper limbs in general).

Tasks

  • Read the relevant section in the FIFA Medical Manual and other required reading
  • Review the suggested reading
  • View, or listen to, any relevant multimedia content
  • Complete the course quiz

Required reading

Shoulder injuries in soccer goalkeepers: review and development of a FIFA 11+ shoulder injury prevention program.

Ejnisman B, Barbosa G, Andreoli CV et al

Open Access J Sports Med. 2016 Aug 8;7:75-80

References

  1. Longo UG, Loppini M, Berton A, Martinelli N, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Shoulder injuries in soccer players. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2012;9(3):138-141.
  2. Terra BB, Ejnisman B, Figueiredo EA, et al. Arthroscopic treatment of glenohumeral instability in soccer goalkeepers. Int J Sports Med. 2013;34(6):473-476.
  3. Junge A, Langevoort G, Pipe A, et al. Injuries in team sport tournaments during the 2004 olympic games. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(4):565-576.
  4. Ekstrand J, Hagglund M, Walden M. Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional football: The UEFA injury study. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45(7):553-558.
  5. Hagglund M, Walden M, Ekstrand J. UEFA injury study–an injury audit of european championships 2006 to 2008. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(7):483-489.
  6. Lo IK, Nonweiler B, Woolfrey M, Litchfield R, Kirkley A. An evaluation of the apprehension, relocation, and surprise tests for anterior shoulder instability. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(2):301-307.
  7. Zanca P. Shoulder pain: Involvement of the acromioclavicular joint. (analysis of 1,000 cases). Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1971;112(3):493-506.
  8. Tauber M. Management of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations: Current concepts. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery JID – 9011043. 0220.
  9. Mirza AH, Alam KF, Ali A. Posterior sternoclavicular dislocation in a rugby player as a cause of silent vascular compromise: A case report. British journal of sports medicine JID – 0432520. 0617.
  10. Cadogan A, Mohammed KD. Shoulder pain in primary care: Frozen shoulder. J Prim Health Care. 2016;8(1):44-51.